![]() (2006), Learning support for mature students. London: Sage, p.62). If you finish the work quickly then the rest of the day/evening or weekend is your own to do what you like with it.įrom (Hoult, E. This method has that inbuilt incentive for you to finish the work as soon as possible. Original: Set yourself a target - perhaps of writing 500 words per session - and make this a minmum target, regardless of how long it takes you to do. You may not need to include a page number here, as the idea may be argued throughout the source rather than just in one specific place. It is better to read the whole paragraph in which the idea lies, then try to write a sentence on your understanding of the idea. A common mistake is to try to paraphrase a single sentence, which is very difficult and often ends in an inelegant and sometimes meaningless phrase. Putting your understanding of what you have read into your own words is known as paraphrasing. Long quotes should only be used if you are planning to analyse the text in some detail. In these cases, the analysis may need to refer to a large number of phrases within the text and some more than once. Long quotes are often used in assignments which focus on analysing a particular text closely (for instance, a novel or poem, or an original document). Is an insistence on referencing about supporting a system and a process of learning that is a legacy of a different time and society? Are universities enforcing upon you an arcane practice of referencing that you will probably never use again outside higher education? Or is there something deeper in the practice of referencing that connects with behaving ethically, properly, decently and respecting others - ageless societal values that universities should try to maintain? While students may feel that referencing is outdated, others have a different understanding: They are not placed in quotation marks, and the brief citation is placed on a separate line, on the right-hand side. Long quotes (more than three or four lines) are set out in your text in a 'block' - started on a new line and indented at left and sometimes right. Referring to the work of blac k women photographers, Parmar (1990, p.122) observes that, "The thematic concerns. If you need to remove a word or words to shorten the excerpted phrase without changing the general sense, use an ellipsis: However, identity may be expanded "through space and time" (Wenger, 1998, p.181). If you need to add a word or words to make the excerpted phrase make sense, put them in square brackets: The results were described as "disappointing" (Jensen et al, 2011). If your source has three or more authors, list the first followed by et al: Turner (2007, p.14) argues that it is more effective to work "better not longer". Citations are all in Harvard style - check the style your department prefers. ![]() It is good practice to include the page number.īelow are some examples of ways to build short quotes into your writing. Your assignment should be mostly written in your own words, using evidence from your research to support or challenge your statements. When it is appropriate to use direct quotes, these should generally be kept as brief as possible and you should show how the quote relates to the argument you are making and the assignment question. In UK academic culture, it is poor practice to use a lot of direct quotes from someone else's work. Theorists have considered the impact of a variety of circumstances on the creation and expansion of identity (Wenger, 1998 Lee, 2013 Morton and Grainger, 2009). Indirect mention with brief citation in Harvard style: The focus of Wenger's discussion is on the way that different aspects come together to build notions of identity (3). Paraphrase with brief citation in numeric style. Wenger (1998, p.181) argues that "Engagement, imagination and alignment each create relations of belonging". Check your course handbook to see what style your department prefers.ĭirect quote with brief citation in Harvard style. The style of referencing you are using will dictate which details you include in your citations, how you signpost brief citations (in the body of the text or in footnotes, directly or by assigning a number which links to full details in a reference list), and what order you put information in. You need to include a brief citation in the text at the place where you refer to the source, and a full citation in your bibliography or reference list. ![]() This is the case whether you use a direct quote, a paraphrase, or even just a direct or indirect mention. You need to provide a citation whenever you refer to an idea that you derived from a source.
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